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Wer war Mausolos?

Im Namen Mausoleum hat er sich bereits verewigt.

 


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Das antike Halikarnassos erlebte eine beispiellose Blütezeit unter der Herrschaft von Mausolus (377-353 BC). Während seiner Regierung verlegte er die Hauptstadt Mylasa (heute Milas) nach Halikarnassos.

Mausolos - British Museum London


Statue des König Mausolos
Britisches Museum, London

 

In the fourth century B.C. great changes took place in Caria. After it came again under Persian dominion, it was ruled by the satrap Hecatomnos of Mylasa, from his death on in 377 by his son Mausolus. The kingdom of Caria in the western part of Asia Minor (Turkey) was so far from the Persian capital that it was practically autonomous.

Hecatomnus had been ambitious and had taken control of several of the neighboring cities and districts. Mausolus extended the territory even further so that it finally included most of southwestern Asia Minor.

Halicarnassus lived its brightest years during the reign of Mausolus (377-353 BC). During his reign Mausolus transferred his capital from Mylasa to Halicarnassus. Until then Halicarnassus was a comparatively small city, but Mausolus, observing her natural advantages for fortification and commerce from sea. His ideas were never on a niggardly scale, and he set out to create a worthy capital city.

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Mausoleum


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Myndos Tor und Stadtmauer

Unter Mausolos gebaut, Stadtmauer und Myndos Tor mehr

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He transplanted the inhabitants of six of the eight Lelegian cities from the surrounding area, the peninsula. These were of varying size, but some at least, if we may judge by the tribute they paid to Athens in the fifth century, seem to have been comparable to Halicarnassus herself, and the population of the new city must have been four or five times that of the old.

Mausolus was well established in his new capital by 367 BC, and before the end of his reign he ruled from here over a kingdom that included all of Caria and considerable portions of Ionia and Lycia, as well as the islands of Rhodes, Cos, and Chios. Mausolus enclosed his capital at Halicarnassus with a great circuit of powerful defense walls studded with watch-towers at regular intervals, along with three separately walled citadels, some three and a half miles long, of which parts are standing today (recently brought into shape by Ericsson-Türkcell, see
Myndos Gate).

Mausolos taxed his inhabitants heavily to pay for these and other grand scale projects, and it is said that he even imposed a levy on hair longer then shoulder length.

Mausolus, with his queen
Artemisia, ruled over Halicarnassus and the surrounding territory for 24 years. For his own residence Mausolus built a palace with walls of dried brick, finished in all parts with marble from the Sea of Marmara. Nothing of this palace survives today, and its position has been the subject of much discussion.

Then in 353 BC. Mausolus died, leaving his queen Artemisia, who was also his sister (It was the custom in Caria for rulers to marry their own sisters), broken-hearted. It is not certain that Mausolos initiated the construction of the monument of moussoleion later, but as a tribute to him, Artemisia decided to build him the most splendid tomb in the known world. It became a structure so famous that it was called one of the Seven Wonders of the world. Mausolus's name is now associated with all stately tombs through our modern word
Mausoleum.

 

Halicarn'assus, altgriech. Stadt in Klein-Asien an der Stelle des heutigen Bodrum, Hauptstadt der Könige von Karien mit Resten des "Mausoleums", wurde 334 v.Chr. von Alexander d. Gr. belagert und erobert; Heimat Herodots.

Halicarnassus lived its brightest years during the reign of Mausolus (377-353 BC). During his reign Mausolus transferred his capital from Mylasa (today Milas) to Halicarnassus.

Mausolos - British Museum London


Statue of King Mausolos
exhibited in the British Museum

 

In the fourth century B.C. great changes took place in Caria. After it came again under Persian dominion, it was ruled by the satrap Hecatomnos of Mylasa, from his death on in 377 by his son Mausolus. The kingdom of Caria in the western part of Asia Minor (Turkey) was so far from the Persian capital that it was practically autonomous.

Hecatomnus had been ambitious and had taken control of several of the neighboring cities and districts. Mausolus extended the territory even further so that it finally included most of southwestern Asia Minor.

Halicarnassus lived its brightest years during the reign of Mausolus (377-353 BC). During his reign Mausolus transferred his capital from Mylasa to Halicarnassus. Until then Halicarnassus was a comparatively small city, but Mausolus, observing her natural advantages for fortification and commerce from sea. His ideas were never on a niggardly scale, and he set out to create a worthy capital city.


König Mausolos regierte von 377 bis 353 v. Chr. die kleinasiatische Landschaft Karien - allerdings unter persischer Oberherrschaft. Seine größte Leistung bestand in der Gründung und im Ausbau der Großstadt Halikarnassos. Sein Grabmal dokumentiert nicht zuletzt, dass die lokalen Herrscher des Perserreiches, die "Satrapen", Mitte des 4. Jahrhunderts erstarkt waren und dass griechische Kunst und Kultur bereits vor den Eroberungszügen Alexanders des Großen in Kleinasien zunehmende Verbreitung fanden (Hellenismus). Allerdings dürfte die offensichtliche Diskrepanz zwischen prunkvollem Grabmal und realer politischer Macht unseren Martial zu den ironischen Formulierungen "laudibus inmodicis" (mit unmäßigem Lob) und "in astra ferre" (zu den Sternen erheben) veranlasst haben.
Das Grabmal, durch das Mausolos seine eigentliche Berühmtheit erlangen sollte, wurde schon zu seinen Lebzeiten begonnen, aber erst nach seinem Tod von seiner Schwester Artemisia fertiggestellt, mit der er eine zu damaliger Zeit nicht untypische Geschwisterehe führte.




 




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